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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
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Audio-Visual Interactions During Emotion Processing in Bicultural Bilinguals.

Ashley Chung-Fat-Yim1, Peiyao Chen2, Alice H D Chan3

  • 1Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.

Motivation and Emotion
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Bicultural bilinguals rely more on vision for Western emotional cues but use hearing more with increased East Asian cultural exposure. Familiarity and culture shape how emotions are perceived.

Keywords:
bicultural bilingualsbiculturalismcultural frame switchingemotionemotion perceptionmodality dominance

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The increasing global population of bicultural bilingual individuals necessitates understanding their unique cognitive processes.
  • Existing research has not fully explored how multisensory emotions are processed by individuals with dual cultural identities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how Chinese-English bicultural bilinguals in Singapore evaluate emotions presented through simultaneous visual and auditory stimuli from different cultural contexts.
  • To determine the influence of cultural background and language on emotional perception in bicultural individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Participants viewed Asian or Caucasian faces and heard Mandarin or English speech, then identified emotions from one modality.
  • Emotional evaluation relied more on visual input for Western audio-visual information.
  • Increased daily exposure to East Asian cultures correlated with greater reliance on auditory input for East Asian emotional cues.

Main Results:

  • Bicultural bilinguals showed greater reliance on the visual modality when processing Western audio-visual emotion information.
  • No significant difference in modality reliance was found for East Asian audio-visual emotion information.
  • Greater cross-modal interference occurred with Asian faces/English speech compared to Caucasian faces/Mandarin speech.

Conclusions:

  • Emotional processing in bicultural bilinguals is influenced by culture-specific norms.
  • Familiarity with a culture and language impacts the perception and evaluation of emotions, particularly in cross-cultural contexts.