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Why do employees commit fraud? Theory, measurement, and validation.

Bin Lin1,2, Junqin Huang1, Youliang Liao1,3

  • 1School of Business, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

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This study introduces a new scale to measure employee fraud motives, revealing key psychological factors. The developed scale accurately predicts the likelihood of employee fraud occurrence in organizations.

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employeefraud motivescale developmenttheory of planned behaviorunethical behaviorwhite-collar crime

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Area of Science:

  • Business and Management
  • Psychology
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Corporate governance research has focused on fraud motives but neglected employee psychological factors.
  • The decision-making process of employees committing fraud remains largely unexplored, termed a 'black box'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a multidimensional scale for measuring employee fraud motive.
  • To integrate existing research on fraud drivers and practical anti-fraud experience.
  • To apply the theory of planned behavior to understand employee fraud.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a multidimensional scale for employee fraud motive based on the theory of planned behavior.
  • Utilized exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify three subscales (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control) with 14 items.
  • Employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the scale's reliability and validity.
  • Conducted multiple regression analysis to assess predictive validity.

Main Results:

  • The exploratory factor analysis yielded a 14-item scale across three subscales: attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the scale's reliability, discriminant validity, and convergent validity.
  • Multiple regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between the employee fraud motive score and the actual occurrence of employee fraud, confirming predictive validity.

Conclusions:

  • The newly developed scale for employee fraud motive exhibits strong reliability and validity.
  • The scale effectively predicts employee fraud occurrence, offering a valuable tool for research and practice.
  • Findings contribute to opening the 'black box' of employee fraud decision-making in corporate governance.