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Risk Factors for Substance Use across the Lifespan.

Shelby A Stewart1, Amy L Copeland1, Katie E Cherry1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

The Journal of Genetic Psychology
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review examines alcohol and substance use across the lifespan, identifying age-specific risk factors for initiation and disorder development. Understanding these developmental patterns is crucial for public health interventions.

Keywords:
Alcoholismbinge drinkingdevelopmental risk factorssubstance use disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Psychology
  • Developmental Science

Background:

  • Substance use presents significant public health challenges, with substantial health risks and societal economic impacts.
  • A lifespan developmental perspective is essential for understanding the complexities of alcohol and substance use patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epidemiological and clinical literature on alcohol and substance use from a lifespan developmental viewpoint.
  • To compare and contrast risk factors for substance use initiation and disorder development across different life stages.

Main Methods:

  • Selective review of epidemiological and clinical literature.
  • Analysis of risk factors across adolescence, young adulthood, middle age, and later life.
  • Application of Social Cognitive Theory to understand expectancies and self-efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Adolescence shows peak alcohol experimentation, influenced by trauma and parenting.
  • Emerging adults experiment with various substances beyond alcohol.
  • Late-onset substance use disorders in older adults may stem from social support deficits, bereavement, or medical issues.

Conclusions:

  • Risk factors and developmental trajectories for substance use vary significantly across the lifespan.
  • Social Cognitive Theory offers a framework for understanding expectancies and self-efficacy in substance use disorders.
  • Future research should focus on age-specific risk factors and their relation to developmental processes.