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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation
07:17

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Published on: April 14, 2016

Osteomalacia: current concepts.

B Frame, A M Parfitt

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |December 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Recent advances in vitamin D metabolism enhance osteomalacia understanding. Newer vitamin D metabolites offer more individualized and specific treatments for this bone disorder.

    More Related Videos

    Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
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    Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

    Published on: June 24, 2018

    Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics
    09:43

    Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics

    Published on: March 1, 2022

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

    Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation
    07:17

    Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

    Published on: April 14, 2016

    Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
    14:55

    Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

    Published on: June 24, 2018

    Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics
    09:43

    Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics

    Published on: March 1, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Bone Disease

    Background:

    • Vitamin D metabolism knowledge has advanced, improving osteomalacia understanding.
    • Numerous novel causes of osteomalacia are continually being identified.
    • Radiological and biochemical findings can be atypical or misleading in osteomalacia.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current understanding of osteomalacia varieties.
    • To highlight diagnostic challenges and therapeutic advancements.
    • To discuss the role of bone biopsy and new vitamin D metabolites.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of recent literature on vitamin D metabolism and osteomalacia.
    • Discussion of diagnostic tools, including bone biopsy.
    • Exploration of emerging therapeutic strategies using novel vitamin D metabolites.

    Main Results:

    • Bone biopsy with double tetracycline labeling aids in differentiating osteomalacia from high bone turnover conditions.
    • Effective therapies exist for most osteomalacia types, even if the root cause is uncorrectable.
    • Newer vitamin D metabolites are becoming available, promising more tailored treatments.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite diagnostic challenges, effective treatments for osteomalacia are available.
    • Novel vitamin D metabolites will enable more personalized and specific therapeutic approaches.
    • Bone biopsy remains a valuable tool for diagnosing complex cases of osteomalacia.