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Related Concept Videos

Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
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Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
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Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
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Targeted Temperature Management Using Esophageal Cooling.

Cedar Morrow Anderson1, Christopher Joseph2, Rick Fisher1

  • 1Intensive Care Unit, PeaceHealth St. Joseph Medical Center, Bellingham, Washington, USA.

Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Esophageal temperature management (ETM) is a feasible targeted temperature management (TTM) method for postcardiac arrest patients in community hospitals. ETM achieves target temperatures efficiently, with survival rates comparable to other TTM strategies.

Keywords:
esophageal coolingtargeted temperature managementtherapeutic hypothermia

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Targeted temperature management (TTM) is standard care for postcardiac arrest patients, but protocols can be resource-intensive for community hospitals.
  • Esophageal temperature management (ETM) offers a potentially more feasible TTM method, usable alone or with surface cooling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of esophageal temperature management (ETM) in a community hospital setting for postcardiac arrest patients undergoing TTM.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective chart review of 54 postcardiac arrest patients treated with ETM between August 2016 and November 2018.
  • Data collected included initial temperature, time to target temperature, use of supplemental cooling, and survival to intensive care unit discharge.
  • Patients were stratified into ETM-only and ETM with supplemental cooling groups.

Main Results:

  • The overall median time to reach target temperature (32°C–36°C) was 219 minutes.
  • Patients receiving ETM only reached target temperature faster (median 128 minutes) compared to those with supplemental cooling (median 285 minutes).
  • Overall survival to intensive care unit discharge was 51.9%; survivors had a longer median time to reach target temperature (255 minutes) than nonsurvivors (180 minutes).

Conclusions:

  • Esophageal temperature management (ETM) is a practical and effective method for achieving targeted temperature management (TTM) in postcardiac arrest patients within a community hospital.
  • ETM demonstrates performance consistent with current guidelines and alternative cooling modalities.
  • Longer time to achieve target temperature may be associated with improved survival outcomes in postcardiac arrest patients.