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Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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Bias01:22

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Framing Effects03:26

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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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Attention biases preferential choice by enhancing an option's value.

Timothy J Pleskac1, Shuli Yu2, Sergej Grunevski1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Kansas.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Paying attention to a choice increases how much you like it, a phenomenon known as attention-induced valuation. This study provides evidence that attention directly enhances the value of options, influencing decisions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • The hypothesis that attention enhances value (attention-induced valuation) lacks direct causal evidence.
  • Understanding how attention influences preference is crucial for decision-making research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally test the causal link between attention and value.
  • To investigate whether attention influences preferential decisions and their perceptual analogs.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies manipulated attention during preferential decisions and perceptual tasks.
  • Utilized free-viewing and controlled-viewing paradigms.
  • Employed choice data, eye-tracking, and computational modeling.

Main Results:

  • Attention significantly impacted choice and eye movements in preferential decisions.
  • The effect of attention on choice was more pronounced in preferential tasks than perceptual analogs.
  • Converging evidence from behavioral and computational data supported attention-induced valuation.

Conclusions:

  • Attention causally enhances the subjective value of options.
  • A normalization mechanism, involving gain modulation in sensory and value processing, may explain these findings.
  • Results support the attention-induced valuation hypothesis in decision-making contexts.