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Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

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Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
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Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance01:23

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

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The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

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Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models01:06

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models

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Pharmacokinetic models are mathematical constructs that represent and predict the time course of drug concentrations in the body, providing meaningful pharmacokinetic parameters. These models are categorized into compartment, physiological, and distributed parameter models.
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Polypharmacy and multiple sclerosis: A population-based study.

Anibal Chertcoff1, Huah Shin Ng2, Feng Zhu1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia and The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, UBC Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

More than a quarter of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience polypharmacy, defined as using five or more medications concurrently. Factors increasing polypharmacy risk include being female, older age, and having more comorbidities or lower socioeconomic status (SES).

Keywords:
MSpharmacoepidemiologypolypharmacypopulation-based dataprescription medication use

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Polypharmacy, the use of multiple medications, is not well understood in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Investigating polypharmacy in MS is crucial for understanding medication management and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of polypharmacy in a population-based cohort of individuals with MS.
  • To compare the characteristics of individuals with and without polypharmacy within the MS cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized administrative and pharmacy data from a Canadian MS population.
  • Defined polypharmacy as using five or more concurrent medications for over 30 consecutive days.
  • Analyzed medication classes contributing to polypharmacy and hyper-polypharmacy (10+ medications).

Main Results:

  • 28% of 14,227 individuals with MS met polypharmacy criteria, with a median of 273 polypharmacy days.
  • Higher odds of polypharmacy were associated with female sex, older age, increased comorbidities, and lower socioeconomic status (SES).
  • Antidepressants, antiepileptics, and peptic ulcer drugs were the most common medication classes involved in polypharmacy.

Conclusions:

  • Polypharmacy affects over a quarter of individuals with MS.
  • Risk factors for polypharmacy in MS include female sex, advanced age, comorbidities, and lower SES.
  • Understanding these patterns is vital for optimizing medication management in the MS population.