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Suicide capability within the ideation-to-action framework: A systematic scoping review.

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  • 1University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, Australia.

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Understanding suicide capability is key to preventing suicide attempts. This review synthesizes research on acquired, dispositional, and practical contributors to suicide capability, finding a need for more comprehensive studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Suicide capability is theorized to mediate the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt.
  • Existing research lacks a systematic synthesis of empirical evidence on suicide capability.
  • This gap hinders the development and refinement of suicide capability concepts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically synthesize empirical evidence on suicide capability.
  • To identify and categorize contributors to suicide capability.
  • To inform future research and clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review of studies published between January 2005 and January 2022.
  • Searches across eleven electronic databases and grey literature sources.
  • Analysis of 90 included studies using a textual narrative approach.

Main Results:

  • Most studies investigated only a single contributor to suicide capability.
  • Painful and provocative events were more frequently linked to acquired capability than fearlessness about death.
  • Emerging evidence for dispositional and practical contributors is promising but limited; an additional cognitive contributor was identified.

Conclusions:

  • Current research on suicide capability is fragmented, often focusing on single factors.
  • Limited evidence on dispositional and practical contributors restricts theoretical and practical advancements.
  • Future research should integrate multiple contributors to better understand suicide capability.