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Related Concept Videos

Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Antibiotics in development for multiresistant gram-negative bacilli.

A Rodríguez1, G Moreno2, M Bodi1

  • 1Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain; IISPV/CIBERES, Tarragona, Spain.

Medicina Intensiva
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacilli is a major global health threat. New antibiotic combinations show promise against highly resistant strains, including metallo-β-lactamases, but require further clinical validation.

Keywords:
Bacilos gram negativos multirresistentesBeta-lactamasasBeta-lactamasesMetallo-beta-lactamasesMetalo-beta-lactamasasMultiresistent gram negative bacilliNew antibioticsNuevos antibióticos

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Rising antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), particularly Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii, presents a critical global health challenge.
  • Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains necessitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the landscape of novel antibiotic agents and combinations developed to address XDR GNB infections.
  • To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of these agents, with a focus on activity against metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recently developed antibiotics and combinations targeting XDR GNB.
  • Analysis of in vitro susceptibility data against various β-lactamase classes, including MBLs.
  • Assessment of clinical trial status and approved agents.

Main Results:

  • Several new antibiotic combinations and agents, including aztreonam/avibactam, cefepime/zidebactam, and cefiderocol, demonstrate activity against MBLs.
  • Existing combinations like ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, and meropenem/vaborbactam lack activity against MBLs.
  • Some novel agents are approved, while others are in clinical development to establish their therapeutic role.

Conclusions:

  • Novel antibiotic strategies are emerging to combat XDR GNB, offering new hope against challenging pathogens.
  • Agents with activity against MBLs are crucial for treating infections caused by resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Further clinical studies are essential to define the optimal use of these new antibiotics in patient care.