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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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Morphometric description of the koala humerus using microcomputed tomography.

Jason Hawkins1, Rachel M Basa2, Matthew J Norton2

  • 1Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia. jhawkins7111@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|October 27, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding koala humerus bone measurements is crucial for improving fracture repair. This study provides key morphometric data to guide orthopedic surgery and enhance rehabilitation outcomes for koalas.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Orthopedics
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Wildlife Medicine

Background:

  • Appendicular fractures in koalas have a poor prognosis for functional recovery.
  • The humerus is vital for koala limb stabilization and arboreal locomotion.
  • Lack of detailed koala limb bone morphometry hinders effective orthopedic research and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide detailed morphometric descriptions of the koala humerus.
  • To establish reference data for implant selection in koala humeral fracture repair.
  • To inform future orthopedic research and improve koala fracture rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) was employed on skeletally mature koala cadavers.
  • Measurements included bone length, internal/external diameters, and cortical thickness at five levels.
  • Qualitative assessments of clinically relevant bone features were also performed.

Main Results:

  • Mean humeral length was 114.3 mm.
  • Mediolateral diameters exceeded craniocaudal diameters throughout the humerus.
  • Cortical thickness varied, with the medial cortex being thickest; distinct ridges were noted laterally.

Conclusions:

  • This study establishes essential morphometric data for the koala humerus.
  • Findings will guide orthopedic implant selection and surgical techniques.
  • Improved understanding of humerus anatomy can enhance koala fracture treatment and prognosis.