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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...
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Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
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Structure and function of a bacterial type III-E CRISPR-Cas7-11 complex

Guimei Yu1, Xiaoshen Wang1, Yi Zhang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.

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The type III-E CRISPR-Cas system

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Structural biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The type III-E CRISPR-Cas system, featuring the Cas7-11 effector, shows potential for RNA targeting.
  • Its structural and molecular mechanisms are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural and molecular mechanisms of the type III-E CRISPR-Cas system, focusing on Cas7-11 and its interaction with Csx29.
  • To provide a structural basis for understanding pre-crRNA processing, target RNA recognition, and cleavage.

Main Methods:

  • Four cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Cas7-11 were determined at different functional states.
  • Analysis of Cas7-11 domain functions in RNA binding and cleavage.

Main Results:

  • Cas7-11 forms a helical filament with four Cas7-like domains for crRNA binding and a Cas11-like domain for crRNA-target RNA duplex formation.
  • Specific Cas7 domains (Cas7.1, Cas7.2, Cas7.3) are crucial for crRNA maturation and target RNA cleavage.
  • Target RNA binding induces conformational changes in Csx29, potentially activating its catalytic site.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals the molecular mechanisms of pre-crRNA processing, target RNA recognition, and cleavage by Cas7-11.
  • Provides a structural framework for the role of Csx29 in the type III-E CRISPR system, aiding in the development of RNA-targeting applications.