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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Detecting the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, in Ticks Using Nested PCR
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[Lyme Disease - Laboratory Diagnostics].

Martina Marchesi1, Andrea Zbinden1

  • 1Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Schweiz.

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|October 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Accurate Lyme disease diagnosis relies on laboratory testing for Borrelia-specific antibodies. A two-tier approach using sensitive screening and specific confirmatory tests ensures reliable detection of Lyme borreliosis.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Lyme borreliosis, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, requires precise laboratory diagnostics.
  • Clinical definitions alone are insufficient for accurate diagnosis.
  • Laboratory testing for Borrelia-specific antibodies is essential.

Purpose:

  • To outline the established two-tier laboratory testing strategy for Lyme borreliosis.
  • To emphasize the importance of confirmatory testing following initial screening.
  • To detail the diagnostic approach for Lyme neuroborreliosis.

Summary:

  • The diagnostic process involves a sensitive screening test (e.g., enzyme immunoassay) to detect Borrelia-specific IgM and IgG antibodies.
  • A highly specific confirmatory assay (e.g., line immunoblot) is required to validate positive screening results and differentiate early from late disease stages.

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  • Intrathecal antibody production analysis using paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples is crucial for diagnosing Lyme neuroborreliosis.

    • Impact:

    • Enhances diagnostic accuracy for Lyme borreliosis and Lyme neuroborreliosis.
    • Provides a clear framework for laboratory interpretation of antibody responses.
    • Facilitates timely and appropriate patient management through reliable diagnostic results.