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Cytokinetic Abscission Regulation in Neural Stem Cells and Tissue Development
Katrina C McNeely1, Noelle D Dwyer1
1Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800732, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Current Stem Cell Reports
|October 28, 2022
Summary
Stem cell division involves regulating cytokinetic abscission, a process crucial for development. Proper midbody handling ensures cell polarity and fate determination, impacting tissue growth and brain development.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Developmental Biology
- Stem Cell Research
Background:
- Stem cells must balance proliferation and differentiation to form tissues.
- Cytokinetic abscission, regulated by the midbody, is increasingly recognized as key to this balance.
- Neural stem cells (NSCs) are a key model for studying these processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent evidence on the role of cytokinetic abscission in stem cell fate and tissue development.
- To highlight the importance of midbody regulation in neural stem cells.
- To explore how abscission influences cell polarity, potency, and daughter cell fates.
Main Methods:
- Review of human genetic studies and mouse knockout models.
- Analysis of experimental data from epithelial systems and cell lines.
- Examination of the molecular composition and function of midbody remnants (MBRs).
Main Results:
- Disruptions in NSC abscission can lead to brain malformations.
- Midbodies scaffold apical junction proteins and influence cell fate determinants.
- Abscission timing is developmentally regulated, and MBRs play roles in polarity, fate, and ciliogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Stem cells tightly regulate midbody positioning, duration, and MBR handling.
- MBRs influence cell polarity, can sequester fate determinants, and transfer information.
- Understanding abscission's role is critical for brain development and stem cell biology.
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