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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice
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Menstruation Dysregulation and Endometriosis Development.

Kevin K W Kuan1, Douglas A Gibson2, Lucy H R Whitaker3

  • 1Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Reproductive Health
|October 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Dysregulated menstruation contributes to endometriosis by affecting inflammatory mediators, tissue survival, and implantation. Further research into these pathways may reveal new therapeutic targets for this common gynecological condition.

Keywords:
abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)angiogenesisapoptosisendometriosisinflammationmatrix metalloproteinase (MMP)menstruationpathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Pathogenesis of Endometriosis

Background:

  • Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition with no definitive cure.
  • Sampson's theory of retrograde menstruation explains tissue entry into the peritoneal cavity, but other factors are crucial for lesion establishment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on how menstrual dysregulation contributes to endometriosis pathogenesis.
  • To explore potential new treatment targets and diagnostic methods.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing studies on menstrual dysregulation and endometriosis.
  • Analysis of factors including inflammatory mediators, matrix metalloproteinases, hypoxia, and apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • Dysregulation of inflammatory mediators, matrix metalloproteinase expression, hypoxic stress, and apoptosis prolongs endometrial debris survival.
  • These factors facilitate tissue migration and implantation in ectopic sites.
  • Similar changes are implicated in abnormal uterine bleeding and other endometrial diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Menstrual dysregulation plays a significant role in endometriosis pathogenesis through overlapping pathways.
  • Further research is needed to understand specific mechanisms and identify novel therapeutic targets.
  • Analyzing menstrual fluid may aid in earlier diagnosis and staging of endometriosis.