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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Teratogenicity01:07

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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Thyroid Teratoma in a Pediatric Patient.

Meera R Laxman1, Laura L Hayes2, Santino S Cervantes3

  • 1Pediatric Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, USA.

Cureus
|October 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Congenital thyroid teratomas, rare tumors in children, can cause airway issues. Early surgical removal is recommended for these growths, as seen in a case of a two-year-old girl.

Keywords:
cervical teratomahead and neck tumorpediatric surgerypediatric teratomathyroid pathologiesthyroid teratoma

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Congenital teratomas are rare germ cell tumors.
  • Extragonadal teratomas most commonly occur in the sacrococcygeal region.
  • Head and neck teratomas represent a small percentage (1-6%) of pediatric teratomas.

Observation:

  • A case report of a two-year-old female presenting with a large thyroid mass.
  • The patient underwent laryngoscopy and right thyroid lobectomy.
  • The mass was identified as a congenital thyroid teratoma.

Findings:

  • Congenital thyroid teratoma is an exceptionally rare diagnosis.
  • Surgical excision is the recommended treatment due to risks of airway compromise and malignancy.
  • This case highlights a rare presentation of a teratoma in the thyroid gland.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial for congenital thyroid teratomas.
  • This case contributes to understanding the management of rare pediatric head and neck tumors.
  • Further research may elucidate the specific etiology and optimal long-term surveillance for these rare tumors.