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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

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Narcissistic traits and compassion: Embracing oneself while devoiding others.

Vanessa Lea Freund1, Frenk Peeters1, Cor Meesters1

  • 1Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Psychology
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Summary

Individuals with narcissistic traits can improve self-compassion through exercises. While other compassion improvements were limited, specific other compassion exercises showed promise for those with certain narcissistic traits.

Keywords:
grandiose narcissisminductionother-compassionself-compassionvulnerable narcissism

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Narcissistic traits manifest as grandiose (arrogance, exploitation) or vulnerable (hypersensitivity, low self-esteem) patterns.
  • Limited research exists on interventions to modify self- and other-directed attitudes in individuals with narcissistic traits.
  • Self-compassion (SC) is linked to psychological well-being, and other-compassion (OC) to interpersonal relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between narcissistic traits and the effectiveness of experimental compassion inductions.
  • To explore whether self-compassion (SC) and other-compassion (OC) can be enhanced in individuals with varying levels of narcissistic traits.
  • To determine if specific compassion inductions are more effective for certain narcissistic profiles.

Main Methods:

  • 230 student and community participants completed questionnaires on grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic traits, state SC, and state OC.
  • Participants underwent either a self-compassion (SC) or other-compassion (OC) induction.
  • Pre- and post-induction measures assessed changes in SC and OC states.

Main Results:

  • Individual differences in narcissistic traits influenced the magnitude of improvements in compassion.
  • Individuals with vulnerable traits showed potential for improved SC through compassion exercises.
  • Higher grandiose and global vulnerable narcissistic traits were associated with smaller increases in compassion.
  • Directly inducing OC led to greater OC improvements than inducing SC in individuals with high narcissistic traits.

Conclusions:

  • Self-compassionate behavior is improvable in individuals with high hypersensitivity.
  • Other-compassionate behavior may be enhanced by utilizing specific other-compassion exercises in individuals with certain narcissistic traits.
  • Compassion-focused interventions show potential for mitigating destructive patterns associated with narcissism.