Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 23, 2025
06:44
3D Printing - Evaluating Particle Emissions of a 3D Printing Pen
Published on: October 9, 2020
8.6K
Additives influence 3D printer emission profiles: Implications for working safely with polymer filament composites.
W Cary Hill1, Daniel W Seitz1, Matthew S Hull1,2
1NanoSafe, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
Indoor Air
|October 28, 2022
Summary
Fused filament fabrication 3D printers emit particles. Additives in polymer filaments affect particle size and behavior, potentially impacting health due to agglomeration.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Environmental Science
- Toxicology
Background:
- 3D printing is widespread, necessitating understanding of emissions.
- Polymer composite filaments with additives are common.
- Particulate emissions from 3D printing require characterization.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate particulate emissions from polymer composite filaments.
- Analyze the effect of additives (metal, ceramic, carbonaceous) on emissions.
- Understand particle formation and agglomeration behavior.
Main Methods:
- Used ANSI/CAN/UL 2904 standard for particulate sampling.
- Analyzed airborne particles using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
- Varied print conditions, including temperature, and filament types.
Main Results:
- Identified agglomeration of ultrafine particles forming larger fine particles (0.3-2.5 μm) from ABS and PETG filaments.
- Observed carbonaceous structures resembling additives in airborne samples.
- Emission profiles varied based on filament composition and print conditions.
Conclusions:
- Fine particle formation via agglomeration may alter inhalation health risks.
- Carbonaceous additives can be released during printing.
- Further research is needed on the health implications of 3D printing emissions.
