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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

246
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
246
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

541
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
541
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

538
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
538
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

482
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
482

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Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
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On epilepsy perception: Unravelling gaps and issues.

Giovanni Falcicchio1, Francesco Negri1, Maria Trojano1

  • 1Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|October 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy diagnosis is often delayed due to under-reporting and clinician inexperience, leading to serious health and social consequences. Increased public awareness is crucial to reduce diagnostic delays and combat stigma for people with epilepsy.

Keywords:
EpilepsyEpilepsy burdenEpilepsy diagnosisEpilepsy quality of lifeFelt stigmaMedication adherence

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder with significant diagnostic challenges.
  • Delayed diagnosis is frequently observed, often occurring only after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the factors contributing to diagnostic delays in epilepsy.
  • To underscore the severe consequences of delayed epilepsy diagnosis.
  • To emphasize the need for increased public awareness and improved clinical practices.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature and clinical observations regarding epilepsy diagnosis.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to under-reporting and misdiagnosis.
  • Examination of the impact of diagnostic delays on patient outcomes and healthcare systems.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic delays in epilepsy stem from patient under-reporting, clinician inexperience, and emergency room time constraints.
  • Consequences include increased accidents, premature mortality, and substantial healthcare costs.
  • Individuals with epilepsy face higher rates of comorbidities like mood and cognitive disorders, exacerbating social isolation and stigma.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing under-reporting, enhancing clinician training, and improving emergency care are vital to shorten epilepsy diagnosis timelines.
  • Public awareness campaigns are essential to destigmatize epilepsy and its comorbidities.
  • Timely diagnosis and comprehensive management are critical to improve quality of life and reduce socioeconomic burdens for people with epilepsy.