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Benthic macroinvertebrate community shifts based on Bti-induced chironomid reduction also decrease Odonata emergence.

Verena Gerstle1, Alessandro Manfrin1, Sara Kolbenschlag1

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Summary

Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) larvicides reduce non-biting midge larvae, impacting aquatic food webs. This can decrease dragonfly and damselfly populations, raising concerns for conservation in treated habitats.

Keywords:
Bacillus thuringiensis israelensisDragonfliesFood websMesocosmsMosquito controlNon-target organisms

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Area of Science:

  • Aquatic Ecology
  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Chironomid larvae are abundant in aquatic ecosystems and serve as a crucial food source.
  • Insect emergence significantly influences terrestrial food webs.
  • Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) larvicides, used for mosquito control, can affect non-target organisms like chironomids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) on chironomid larvae abundance.
  • To assess the indirect effects of Bti on aquatic macroinvertebrate communities and insect emergence.
  • To evaluate the implications for Odonata populations, including species of conservation concern.

Main Methods:

  • Application of the maximum field rate of Bti to six replicated floodplain pond mesocosms (FPMs) over two consecutive springs.
  • Comparison of Bti-treated FPMs with six untreated FPMs.
  • Monitoring of chironomid larvae abundance, benthic macroinvertebrate community composition, and emergent Libellulidae (dragonfly) populations (via exuviae sampling).

Main Results:

  • A 41% reduction in chironomid larvae was observed in Bti-treated FPMs.
  • Significant shifts in benthic macroinvertebrate community composition occurred due to reduced chironomid and Odonata larvae.
  • Emergence of Libellulidae was reduced by 54% in Bti-treated mesocosms.

Conclusions:

  • Bti applications indirectly impact Odonata populations through reduced prey availability or increased intraguild predation.
  • The use of Bti in habitats like floodplains, which support Odonata species of conservation concern, requires careful consideration.
  • Potential cascading effects on food webs necessitate a thorough evaluation of Bti application necessity.