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Michael M Bechtel1,2, Kenneth F Scheve3, Elisabeth van Lieshout4

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Multilateral climate action significantly boosts public support for costly policies. International cooperation enhances beliefs in policy effectiveness and fairness, leading to greater public approval for global sustainability efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Policy and Governance
  • Public Opinion and Climate Change
  • International Relations and Cooperation

Background:

  • Policymakers have long pursued multilateral climate agreements to foster international cooperation.
  • Public support for costly climate policies is often assumed to increase when other nations participate, driven by effectiveness and fairness norms.
  • Contradictory recent research suggests public approval may be independent of international climate policy choices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically investigate the impact of multilateralism on public approval of costly climate action.
  • To determine if international cooperation influences public perception of climate policy effectiveness and fairness.
  • To provide evidence-based insights for designing effective climate change mitigation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted two distinct experimental studies across multiple countries.
  • Utilized controlled experimental designs to isolate the effect of multilateralism on public opinion.
  • Pre-registered the study design and analysis plan with the AEA RCT Registry (#AEARCTR-0004090).

Main Results:

  • Multilateral climate action significantly increases public approval for adopting costly climate policies.
  • International cooperation enhances public beliefs regarding the effectiveness of climate policies.
  • Multilateral settings improve the perceived fairness of climate action, thereby increasing public support.

Conclusions:

  • Engaging in multilateral climate action is a viable strategy to bolster public support for ambitious climate policies.
  • The perceived effectiveness and fairness of climate policies are key mechanisms through which multilateralism enhances public approval.
  • International cooperation not only promises improved policy outcomes but also generates greater public endorsement for climate action.