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Evaluation of MMR live attenuated vaccine oncolytic potential using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in a murine model
Sara T Hassan1, Aly F Mohamed2, Nourhan H AbdelAllah3
1Laboratory Evaluation Administration, Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza, 12654, Egypt. sara.t.hassan@std.pharma.cu.edu.eg.
Abstract:
MMR vaccine is a common vaccine that contains oncolytic viruses (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) and could be used as a potential anti-cancer treatment. In this study, we assessed the anti-tumor activity of the MMR vaccine against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) solid tumor induced in mice. The in vitro assay showed that vaccine IC50 in EAC was approximately 200 CCID50. The vaccine was intratumorally administrated twice weekly in EAC-bearing mice. The antitumor response of the vaccine was measured by tumor growth, survival rate, histopathologic examination, flow cytometry analysis, and body biochemical parameters. The MMR vaccine demonstrated a substantial reduction of tumor growth and prolongation of life span as well. The proliferation marker was significantly lower in the vaccine-treated group. Moreover, the apoptosis key parameter Casp-3 was also higher in the vaccine-treated group. The vaccine somewhat restored the deterioration of the biochemical parameters (LDH, GOT, GPT, MDA, NO, and PON-1) in the tumor-bearing mice. Finally, this study indicated the potential antitumor effect of MMR vaccine via anti‑proliferative, apoptotic activities, and modulating the antioxidant parameters. This study opens a new field of inquiry for future research on the vaccine's anti-cancer properties.
Insights
The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine shows significant anti-tumor effects against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. It reduces tumor growth, enhances survival, and promotes apoptosis, suggesting potential as an anti-cancer therapy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine, typically used for infectious disease prevention, contains oncolytic viruses.
- Emerging research suggests oncolytic viruses may possess anti-cancer properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of the MMR vaccine against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) solid tumors in a murine model.
- To investigate the mechanisms underlying the vaccine's potential anti-cancer effects.
Main Methods:
- In vitro assessment of MMR vaccine efficacy against EAC cells.
- Intratumoral administration of the MMR vaccine in EAC-bearing mice.
- Analysis of tumor growth, survival rates, histopathology, flow cytometry, and serum biochemical parameters.
Main Results:
- The MMR vaccine significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in EAC-bearing mice.
- Vaccine treatment led to decreased proliferation markers and increased apoptosis (Casp-3).
- The MMR vaccine partially restored biochemical parameters (LDH, GOT, GPT, MDA, NO, PON-1) affected by the tumor.
Conclusions:
- The MMR vaccine exhibits potential anti-cancer properties through anti-proliferative and apoptotic mechanisms.
- Modulation of antioxidant parameters by the MMR vaccine contributes to its anti-tumor effect.
- This study highlights the potential of the MMR vaccine as a novel anti-cancer therapeutic strategy.
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