Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Real-Time Measurement of the Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Profile of Neutrophils
09:39

Real-Time Measurement of the Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Profile of Neutrophils

Published on: June 2, 2023

2.1K

Pathophysiological involvement of host mitochondria in SARS-CoV-2 infection that causes COVID-19: a comprehensive

Chandan Bhowal1, Sayak Ghosh1, Debapriya Ghatak2

  • 1Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India.

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
|October 29, 2022
PubMed

Insights

SARS-CoV-2 infection alters mitochondria, impacting redox balance, inflammation, and antiviral responses. Targeting these mitochondrial changes may offer new COVID-19 therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, prompting research into therapeutic targets.
  • Mitochondria are crucial cellular organelles susceptible to viral infections.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly implicated in viral pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize recent findings on SARS-CoV-2's impact on mitochondrial function.
  • To explore the role of mitochondria in COVID-19 pathogenesis and prognosis.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS).
  • Examination of viral open reading frames (ORFs) effects on mitochondrial regulation.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection alters mitochondrial redox homeostasis, morphology, and bioenergetics.
  • Viral proteins (M, ORF-9b, ORF-6) inhibit MAVS, impairing innate antiviral responses.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction, increased mtROS, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation are observed, particularly in aged individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria play a significant role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and disease progression.
  • Mitochondrial alterations represent a promising avenue for novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Understanding mitochondrial dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 infection is key for developing effective treatments.
Keywords:
Antiviral signallingBioenergeticsCOVID-19Inflammatory responseMitochondriaOxidative stressSARS-CoV-2

More Related Videos

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry08:19

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry

Published on: May 5, 2022

2.5K
Evaluating the Role of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer-related Fatigue08:56

Evaluating the Role of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer-related Fatigue

Published on: May 17, 2018

9.2K

Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
14.2K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
11.9K
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
3.5K
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
15.0K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
7.9K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
3.2K