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Risk Factors for Early Childhood Caries in Three-Year-Old Japanese Children: A Prospective Cohort Study

Yoshimi Nakayama1, Hirofumi Ohnishi2

  • 1Dr. Nakayama is an associate professor, Hokkaido Muroran Public Health Center, Muroran, and in the Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan,

Pediatric Dentistry
|October 30, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Early childhood caries (ECC) in toddlers predicts future dental decay. Lifestyle factors like snacking and infrequent brushing also increase the risk of ECC by age three.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Early childhood caries (ECC) poses a significant public health challenge.
  • Identifying risk factors is crucial for timely intervention and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate risk factors for early childhood caries (ECC) development by age three.
  • To analyze prospective data from a cohort of young children in Hokkaido, Japan.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal observational study involving 872 children aged 18-23 months.
  • Data collected via parental questionnaires on lifestyle factors and dental examinations (dmft).
  • Logistic regression analysis used to determine odds ratios for ECC incidence.

Main Results:

  • Existing ECC at 18-23 months was a significant predictor of ECC at age three.
  • Nocturnal/prolonged breastfeeding, snacking habits, infrequent tooth brushing, and utensil sharing were associated with ECC incidence.
  • Socioeconomic status and maternal smoking were not significantly associated with ECC in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection and management of ECC in toddlers are critical.
  • Parental habits and lifestyle choices significantly influence a child's risk of developing dental caries by age three.

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