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Go-Ichi-Ni-San 2: A potential biomarker and therapeutic target in human cancers
Dan-Dan Shan1, Qiu-Xian Zheng1, Zhi Chen2
1State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
Abstract:
Cancer incidence and mortality are increasing globally, leading to its rising status as a leading cause of death. The Go-Ichi-Ni-San (GINS) complex plays a crucial role in DNA replication and the cell cycle. The GINS complex consists of four subunits encoded by the GINS1, GINS2, GINS3, and GINS4 genes. Recent findings have shown that GINS2 expression is upregulated in many diseases, particularly tumors. For example, increased GINS2 expression has been found in cervical cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, glioma, non-small cell lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer. It correlates with the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors. In addition, high GINS2 expression plays a pro-carcinogenic role in tumor development by promoting tumor cell proliferation and migration, inhibiting tumor cell apoptosis, and blocking the cell cycle. This review describes the upregulation of GINS2 expression in most human tumors and the pathway of GINS2 in tumor development. GINS2 may serve as a new marker for tumor diagnosis and a new biological target for therapy.
Insights
The Go-Ichi-Ni-San (GINS) complex subunit GINS2 is upregulated in many cancers, promoting tumor growth and progression. Targeting GINS2 could offer new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Research
- Genetics
Background:
- Cancer incidence and mortality are rising globally.
- The Go-Ichi-Ni-San (GINS) complex is vital for DNA replication and cell cycle regulation.
- GINS complex comprises four subunits: GINS1, GINS2, GINS3, and GINS4.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the upregulation of GINS2 expression in human tumors.
- To elucidate the role of GINS2 in tumor development pathways.
- To explore GINS2 as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on GINS2 expression in various cancers.
- Analysis of the correlation between GINS2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics.
- Examination of GINS2's pro-carcinogenic mechanisms.
Main Results:
- GINS2 expression is upregulated in numerous tumors, including cervical, gastric, glioma, lung, and pancreatic cancers.
- Elevated GINS2 expression correlates with tumor clinicopathological features.
- High GINS2 expression promotes tumor proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression while inhibiting apoptosis.
Conclusions:
- GINS2 upregulation is a common feature in human tumors.
- GINS2 plays a significant pro-carcinogenic role in tumor development.
- GINS2 presents potential as a novel biomarker for cancer diagnosis and a therapeutic target.
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