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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

46
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
45
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

26
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

29
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound
10:08

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Published on: December 2, 2014

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Association between arterial stiffness and left ventricular diastolic function: A large population-based

Minkwan Kim1, Hack-Lyoung Kim2, Woo-Hyun Lim2

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, South Korea.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|October 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Increased arterial stiffness, measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), is linked to impaired left ventricular diastolic function in a large cohort. This confirms the relationship between arterial stiffness and diastolic dysfunction.

Keywords:
arterial stiffnessdiastolic functionheart failure with a preserved ejection fractionpulse wave velocityventricular-vascular coupling

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Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
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Last Updated: Aug 23, 2025

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Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • Arterial stiffness and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function are linked, but previous studies had small sample sizes.
  • This study investigates this association in a large, diverse population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm the association between arterial stiffness and LV diastolic function using a large dataset.
  • To provide robust evidence on ventricular-vascular coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 7,013 participants undergoing baPWV and echocardiography.
  • Exclusion of subjects with significant cardiac structural abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) correlated significantly with diastolic function parameters including septal e' velocity, septal E/e', left atrial volume index (LAVI), and tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TR Vmax).
  • Higher baPWV values were independently associated with specific indicators of diastolic dysfunction, such as low septal e' velocity, high septal E/e' ratio, and elevated TR Vmax.
  • The association with LAVI did not reach statistical significance in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Increased arterial stiffness, indicated by baPWV, is significantly associated with abnormal LV diastolic function parameters.
  • These findings strengthen the evidence for a connection between ventricular-vascular coupling and diastolic dysfunction.