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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Generation and Long-term Maintenance of Nerve-free Hydra

Generation and Long-term Maintenance of Nerve-free Hydra

Published on: July 7, 2017

Symbiont specificity differs among green hydra strains.

Ryo Miyokawa¹, Maki Hanada², Yumiko Togawa³

¹Graduate School of Integrated Science for Global Society, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.

Royal Society Open Science

|October 31, 2022

Summary

Symbiotic hydra (Hydra viridissima) host-symbiont specificity is regulated by energy balance mechanisms. These mechanisms differ between hydra strains, impacting gene expression and polyp behavior.

Keywords:

Chlorella Hydra viridissima green hydra symbiosis

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Area of Science:

Symbiotic relationships
Host-symbiont specificity
Gene expression analysis

Background:

The green hydra (Hydra viridissima) forms a stable symbiosis with Chlorella algae.
Strain-specific host/symbiont combinations suggest specificity mechanisms.
Understanding this specificity is key to symbiotic relationship dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the mechanism of host-symbiont specificity in Hydra viridissima.
Explore the effects of symbiont removal and exchange on two distinct hydra strains (K10 and M9).
Analyze gene expression patterns and phenotypic changes associated with symbiont manipulation.

Main Methods:

Symbiont removal and exchange experiments were conducted on K10 and M9 Hydra viridissima strains.
Morphological and behavioral changes in polyps were observed.
Gene expression patterns were analyzed using gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis.

Main Results:

K10 strain polyps showed severe morphological/behavioral changes and similar gene expression patterns after symbiont manipulation.
In K10, symbiont manipulation downregulated electron transport chain genes and upregulated translation genes.
M9 strain polyps exhibited modest changes, with distinct gene expression patterns between symbiont-removed and exchanged groups.

Conclusions:

Energy balance regulation is a crucial mechanism for maintaining symbiotic relationships in green hydra.
The mechanisms regulating energy balance and symbiotic specificity differ between hydra strains.
Strain-specific differences in energy regulation contribute to the stability and specificity of the hydra-algal symbiosis.