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Ultra-processed food consumption is associated with increase in fat mass and decrease in lean mass in Brazilian

Lívia Carolina Sobrinho Rudakoff1, Elma Izze da Silva Magalhães1, Poliana Cristina de Almeida Fonseca Viola2

  • 1Post-Graduate Program in Collective Health, Public Health Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil.

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Summary

High consumption of ultra-processed foods is linked to increased body fat and decreased lean mass in adult women over time. This study highlights the long-term impact of diet on body composition.

Keywords:
body compositionbody fatdietfood consumptionultra-processed foods (UPFs)

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Human Physiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are a significant part of modern diets.
  • Understanding the long-term effects of UPF consumption on body composition is crucial for public health.
  • Previous research has suggested links between UPFs and adverse health outcomes, but long-term impacts on body composition require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between ultra-processed food intake in young adulthood and body composition metrics in later adulthood.
  • To assess how UPF consumption relates to fat mass, fat distribution, and lean mass.
  • To investigate these associations in a cohort of Brazilian adults.

Main Methods:

  • A 1978/1979 birth cohort study in Brazil included 1,021 adults for fat mass analysis and 815 for lean mass and fat distribution analysis.
  • Body composition was measured using air displacement plethysmography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  • Food consumption was assessed via a food frequency questionnaire, with food items categorized using the NOVA classification. UPF intake was quantified as a percentage of total daily intake (g/day).
  • Linear regression models analyzed the effect of UPF consumption on various body composition parameters.

Main Results:

  • Mean daily ultra-processed food consumption was 813.3 g (35.8% of total intake).
  • Ultra-processed food consumption was associated with increased body mass index, body fat percentage, fat mass index, android fat, and gynoid fat.
  • A decrease in lean mass percentage was observed, specifically in women.

Conclusions:

  • High ultra-processed food consumption is associated with a long-term increase in fat mass in adult women.
  • A significant decrease in lean mass was also linked to high UPF intake in women.
  • These findings underscore the detrimental long-term effects of UPF consumption on body composition, particularly in women.