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Novel imaging techniques for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.

Imran H Yusuf¹, Peter Charbel Issa¹, Seong Joon Ahn²

¹Oxford Eye Hospital and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Medicine

|October 31, 2022

Summary

Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy, a cause of irreversible vision loss, affects over 5% of long-term users. Novel retinal imaging techniques show promise for earlier detection and prevention of this drug-induced visual impairment.

Keywords:

fundus autofluorescence hydroxychloroquine retinopathy novel technique optical coherence tomography retinal imaging

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Pharmacology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use is increasing, leading to more cases of HCQ retinopathy.
This condition causes irreversible visual impairment.
Prevalence exceeds 5% in patients using HCQ for over 5 years.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of novel retinal imaging techniques in detecting hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.
To assess the potential of these techniques in early disease detection and monitoring.

Main Methods:

Review of conventional imaging (OCT, FAF) and novel techniques (en face OCT, OCT angiography, FLIO, qAF, retmode imaging).
Comparison of the diagnostic capabilities of different imaging modalities for HCQ retinopathy.

Main Results:

Novel imaging techniques demonstrate potential for earlier detection of structural retinal changes compared to conventional methods.
These advanced techniques may help identify disease progression and correlate with functional deficits.
Early detection of pre-clinical disease is a key advantage.

Conclusions:

Novel retinal imaging techniques offer improved sensitivity for detecting hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.
Earlier detection through advanced imaging may reduce the risk of vision loss associated with HCQ use.
Future applications may include monitoring disease progression and functional correlation.