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Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression
Published on: January 12, 2024
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Alireza Heiran1, Seyede Pegah Azarchehry2, Saeid Dehghankhalili3
1Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Objectives:
Individual studies in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) have shown the high prevalence of diabetic retinopathy. We conducted a meta-analysis to yield an estimate of the prevalence of diabetic (type 1 and 2) retinopathy in the EMR. Additionally, we explored its potential modulators.
Methods:
Two-step screening of relevant articles published from 1 January 2000 to 13 December 2019 was carried out. An estimation of summary proportions, subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and publication bias assessment were performed.
Results:
One hundred nine articles were included in the meta-analysis, involving 280,566 patients. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 31% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 28, 33). The highest and lowest diabetic retinopathy prevalence rates were observed in low human development index (HDI) countries (63.6; 95% CI = 52.4, 74.0) and very high HDI countries 22.6 (95% CI = 20.5, 24.7), respectively.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is high in the EMR. Our results provide important information for diverse healthcare surveillance systems in the EMR to implement the modifiable risk factors, diabetes screening to decrease undiagnosed diabetes, early detection of retinopathy, and proper diabetes care to decrease untreated diabetes.
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