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Temperature synchronizes temporal variation in laying dates across European hole-nesting passerines.

Stefan J G Vriend1,2, Vidar Grøtan1, Marlène Gamelon1,3

  • 1Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

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Summary

Synchronous environmental conditions, particularly temperature, can drive spatial synchrony in bird laying dates. This synchrony in fitness traits may increase extinction risks for populations and species.

Keywords:
birdsclimateclutch sizecomparative analysisfitness-related traitsfledgling numberphenologyspatial synchronytiming of breedingweather

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology and evolutionary biology
  • Population dynamics
  • Climate change impacts

Background:

  • Understanding environmental drivers of fitness traits is key in ecology.
  • Synchronous environmental changes occur over large spatial scales.
  • The link between synchronous environments and spatial trait synchrony is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if synchronous environmental conditions create spatial synchrony in bird fitness traits.
  • To assess the influence of local climate on spatial synchrony in laying date, clutch size, and fledgling numbers.
  • To determine how temperature and precipitation affect trait synchrony in resident vs. migratory bird species.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized long-term monitoring data from 31 blue tit, 35 great tit, and 20 pied flycatcher populations across Europe.
  • Analyzed the impact of local mean temperature and precipitation (February-May) on spatial synchrony.
  • Compared trait synchrony patterns between resident (blue and great tits) and migratory (pied flycatchers) species.

Main Results:

  • High spatial synchrony was observed in laying dates across populations for all species.
  • Clutch size and fledgling number showed lower degrees of spatial synchrony.
  • Temperature significantly influenced laying date synchrony in resident species (blue and great tits) but not in migratory pied flycatchers.

Conclusions:

  • Synchronous environmental conditions, especially temperature, can lead to spatial synchrony in bird laying dates.
  • Spatial synchrony in fitness-related traits may synchronize population vital rates, potentially increasing extinction risk.
  • Understanding spatiotemporal trait variation is crucial for predicting environmental impacts on populations.