Early gastric cancer.

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Early gastric cancer (EGC) is histopathologically defined as a tumor limited to the mucosa and submucosa.
• The concept of EGC, originating in Japan, is now globally recognized and associated with a favorable prognosis, even with lymph node metastasis.
• Accurate diagnosis and classification of EGC are crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of early gastric cancer.
• To emphasize the importance of endoscopic diagnosis and histopathological classification.
• To outline the treatment strategies based on tumor characteristics and lymph node involvement.

Main Methods:

• Histopathological examination for tumor definition.
• Endoscopic identification and biopsy for diagnosis.
• Classification based on tumor invasion depth and lymph node status.

Main Results:

• EGC is characterized by limited local progression to the mucosa and submucosa.
• Favorable prognosis is a common feature of EGC, irrespective of lymph node status.
• Treatment decisions are guided by risk stratification, particularly lymph node involvement.

Conclusions:

• Early gastric cancer requires precise endoscopic identification and histopathological verification.
• Management strategies encompass surveillance, endoscopic resection, and surgical intervention.
• Treatment modality selection is primarily dictated by the risk of lymph node metastasis.