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Related Concept Videos

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay DAPA
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Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay DAPA

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Functional variation in the non-coding genome: molecular implications for food security.

Giorgio Gullotta1, Arthur Korte2, Sebastian Marquardt1

  • 1Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Bülowsvej 21A, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|October 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Understanding non-coding DNA variations is key to improving crop resilience and ensuring food security. These genetic elements offer untapped potential for enhancing plant growth in changing environments.

Keywords:
Arabidopsiscropepigeneticsgene expressiongenome-wide association studiesgenomicsnon-coding RNAnon-coding genomeregulation

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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Genetics
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Global population growth and climate change threaten food security.
  • Plants possess inherent resilience mechanisms crucial for stable food production.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can lead to knowledge-based strategies for enhancing food security.

Approach:

  • Reviewing functional impacts of non-coding DNA sequence variations on plant biology.
  • Focusing on non-coding variations with strong functional evidence.
  • Analyzing how DNA polymorphisms influence plant traits at the molecular level.

Key Points:

  • Non-coding genome polymorphisms are linked to beneficial plant traits.
  • Interpreting the molecular basis of fitness advantage from these polymorphisms is challenging.
  • Non-coding DNA variations are often found in regions critical for plant traits.

Conclusions:

  • The non-coding genome plays a significant role in cellular mechanisms supporting plant traits.
  • Sequence variations in the non-coding genome offer potential solutions for crop improvement.
  • Further research into non-coding DNA can address future challenges in plant growth and resilience.