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Related Concept Videos

Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Solid dispersions enhance drug dissolution and bioavailability for poorly water-soluble drugs. This review explores preparation methods, carriers, and mechanisms, highlighting their potential despite limited commercial use.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Solid dispersions are crucial for improving the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs.
  • This technology involves dispersing drugs within water-soluble carriers, forming drug-polymer two-component systems.
  • Despite accumulated understanding, the commercial application of solid dispersions remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of solid dispersion technology.
  • To emphasize solubility, Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) classification, and carrier selection.
  • To present diverse preparation techniques and recent technological advancements.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on solid dispersion technology.
  • Analysis of different solid dispersion types based on carriers and molecular arrangements.
  • Summary of preparation mechanisms and marketed products.

Main Results:

  • Solid dispersions significantly improve the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs.
  • Various preparation techniques and carrier types influence the efficacy of solid dispersions.
  • Recent technological transfers and marketed examples demonstrate the practical application of this approach.

Conclusions:

  • Solid dispersion technology offers a valuable strategy for enhancing drug solubility and bioavailability.
  • Further research and development are needed to overcome limitations and expand commercial applications.
  • Understanding preparation methods, carrier selection, and mechanisms is key to successful formulation.