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Study on the Relationship Between Serum Iodine and Thyroid Dysfunctions: a Cross-Sectional Study.

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Serum iodine (SIC) levels correlate with thyroid health. High SIC is linked to hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in men, while low SIC is associated with hypothyroidism and antibody positivity in women.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The link between serum iodine concentration (SIC) and thyroid dysfunction in adults remains unclear.
  • Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone synthesis, and its nutritional status impacts thyroid health.
  • Understanding these relationships is vital for public health initiatives and clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between serum iodine levels and various thyroid dysfunctions in an adult population.
  • To establish reference ranges for serum iodine and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in the study cohort.
  • To explore sex-specific differences in the relationship between iodine status and thyroid health.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 1320 adult participants.
  • Collection of demographic data, blood, and spot urine samples.
  • Measurement of serum iodine concentration (SIC), urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and urinary creatinine (UCr).
  • Assessment of thyroid function (overt/subclinical hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism) and thyroid antibodies (TgAb, TPOAb).

Main Results:

  • Serum iodine concentration (SIC) showed a positive correlation with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and UIC/urinary creatinine (UCr).
  • Prevalence of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly higher in females than males.
  • In males, elevated SIC correlated with increased risk of subclinical hyperthyroidism and overt hypothyroidism.
  • In females, low SIC correlated with increased risk of overt hypothyroidism, TgAb positivity, and TPOAb positivity.

Conclusions:

  • Serum iodine concentration (SIC) serves as a valuable indicator for assessing iodine nutritional status and identifying thyroid dysfunction.
  • Iodine status has differential impacts on thyroid health in men and women.
  • Findings highlight the need for sex-specific considerations in iodine intake recommendations and thyroid disorder management.