Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase II Conjugation Reactions: Overview01:14

Phase II Conjugation Reactions: Overview

278
Conjugation, a key component of phase II biotransformation reactions, is a vital process in drug detoxification. It involves transferring endogenous substances like glucuronic acid, sulfate, and glycine to drugs or their metabolites formed in phase I reactions. These conjugation reactions, often catalyzed by specific enzymes, transform potentially harmful metabolites into inactive, water-soluble forms easily excreted in urine or bile. By enhancing polarity and eliminating pharmacological...
278
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

3.6K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
3.6K
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

2.6K
2.6K
Coupled Reactions01:17

Coupled Reactions

8.0K
Cellular processes such as building and breaking down complex molecules occur through stepwise chemical reactions. Some of these chemical reactions are spontaneous and release energy, whereas others require energy to proceed. Cells often couple the energy-releasing reaction with the energy-requiring one to carry out important cell functions. 
Energy in adenosine triphosphate or ATP molecules is easily accessible to do work. ATP powers the majority of energy-requiring cellular reactions....
8.0K
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

906
At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
906
SN2 Reaction: Stereochemistry02:23

SN2 Reaction: Stereochemistry

9.8K
In an SN2 reaction, the nucleophilic attack on the substrate and departure of the leaving group occurs simultaneously through a transition state. As the nucleophile approaches the substrate from the back-side, the configuration of the substrate carbon changes from tetrahedral to trigonal bipyramidal and then back to tetrahedral, leading to an inversion in the configuration of the product.
If the substrate is an achiral molecule at the α-carbon, the inversion of configuration is not...
9.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Isoniazid-Saccharin Salts: Synthesis, Structural Aspects, Thermal Properties and Spectroscopic Characterization.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Characterizing Gateway Modes for Solid-Solid Phase Transitions in Organic Crystals: The Thermosalient 4-DBpFO.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

NIR excitation-driven conformational isomerizations of thymol and carvacrol isolated in a nitrogen cryomatrix.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Improved Accuracy in Semi-Experimental Structure Determination by Resolving Problems Associated with Rotation of Principal Inertial Axes of Isotopologues: Structures of 1,3-Oxazole (<i>c</i>-C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>3</sub>NO).

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same author

Cyclopropanone: Preparation, Rotational Spectroscopy, and Semi-Experimental Equilibrium (<i>r</i><sub><i>e</i></sub><sup>SE</sup>) Structure.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Precise Semi-Experimental Equilibrium (<i>r</i><sub><i>e</i></sub><sup>SE</sup>) Structure of Pyridine from 32 Isotopologues: Accurate Assessment of the Effect of Nitrogen-Atom Substitution in Aromatic Rings.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2025
Same journal

Carbonylative Aminative Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling: Pd-Catalyzed Synthesis of Amides from Vinyl/Aryl Halides and Boronic Acids.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Divergent Asymmetric Synthesis of Glutinosasins A-E.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Ultrastrong Polyketone Hot-Melt Adhesives Enabled by Ni-Catalyzed Carbonylative Polymerization.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Programmable Anomalous Photovoltaics Enabled by Light-Electric Dual-Field Control.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Biomimetic Redox-Mediated Proton Relay in Nanoreactors for Photocatalysis.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

The Sulfur Monoxide-Water Complex.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

9.1K

Simultaneous Tunneling Control in Conformer-Specific Reactions.

Cláudio M Nunes1, José P L Roque1, Srinivas Doddipatla1

  • 1University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum tunneling drives chemical reactions in nitrene conformers, defying classical theories. These simultaneous heavy-atom and H-atom tunneling reactions show conformer-specific outcomes, highlighting quantum effects in chemistry.

More Related Videos

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

4.3K
Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks
07:50

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks

Published on: November 25, 2015

14.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

9.1K
DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

4.3K
Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks
07:50

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks

Published on: November 25, 2015

14.5K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Chemical Kinetics

Background:

  • Classical chemical theories often fail to explain reactions at low temperatures.
  • Quantum tunneling is a phenomenon where particles pass through energy barriers they classically shouldn't overcome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a new example of chemical reactivity governed by quantum tunneling.
  • To highlight the limitations of classical theories in explaining chemical reactions.
  • To investigate conformer-specific reactions of triplet 2-formylphenylnitrene.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of triplet 2-formylphenylnitrene conformers in a nitrogen matrix.
  • Kinetic measurements of spontaneous rearrangements at 10 and 20 K.
  • Computational confirmation of tunneling reaction pathways.

Main Results:

  • Observed temperature-independent kinetics for rearrangements, indicating quantum tunneling.
  • Identified concomitant heavy-atom and H-atom tunneling reactions.
  • Found no conformational interconversion despite a lower energy barrier.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated an unprecedented case of simultaneous tunneling control in conformer-specific reactions.
  • Showcased quantum tunneling's significant role in chemical reactivity, overriding classical predictions.
  • Concluded that product outcomes are not rationalized by conventional kinetic or thermodynamic control.