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Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
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Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Narayanappa Amruta1, Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu2, Suttira Intapad3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, #8683, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2699, USA.

Current Hypertension Reports
|November 2, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can lead to lifelong cardiovascular problems, including hypertension. Research highlights mechanisms of fetal programming for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in IUGR.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Developmental Biology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects 5-15% of pregnancies, impacting neonatal growth and long-term health.
  • IUGR is linked to hypertension, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation, and endothelial dysfunction.
  • These factors contribute to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) throughout life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review new findings on cardiovascular dysfunction in IUGR.
  • To outline mechanisms of fetal programming for hypertension and CVD in IUGR.
  • To highlight experimental findings demonstrating CVD in IUGR.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological and experimental studies.
  • Focus on recent research investigating IUGR and CVD.
  • Analysis of mechanisms mediating hypertension and cardiovascular dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • IUGR is associated with significant cardiovascular dysfunction, including hypertension.
  • Disruptions in placental signaling (mTORC, TGFβ) and RAS activation are key mechanisms.
  • Evidence demonstrates the development of CVD in IUGR fetuses, children, and adults.

Conclusions:

  • IUGR has profound, long-lasting effects on cardiovascular health.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing therapeutic interventions.
  • Further experimental studies are needed to address long-term CVD risks in IUGR individuals.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseHypertensionIntrauterine growth restrictionMammalian target of rapamycin

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