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Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
Published on: January 10, 2025
Update in Adult Transgender Medicine
Alyxandra Ramsay1, Joshua D Safer1
1Mount Sinai Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; email: alyxandra.ramsay@mountsinai.org, jsafer0115@gmail.com.
Abstract:
Transgender people often face barriers in health care due to lack of access to care, lack of knowledgeable healthcare professionals, discrimination, and gaps in medical and mental health research. Existing research on transgender health has focused heavily on mental health, HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases/infections, and substance abuse. Gender-affirming hormone therapy and/or surgery allows for some alignment of biology and gender identity. Gender-affirming care may offer quality-of-life benefits, which may outweigh modest concerns related to exogenous hormone therapy. The Endocrine Society treatment guidelines were revised in 2017, and this article reviews recent data that might inform a future guideline revision. Future longitudinal research is needed to close the gap in knowledge in the field of transgender medicine.
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