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Dietary buffering from shell and bone increases digestion costs in fish, impacting gastric pH and energy use. However, this did not improve growth efficiency in juvenile rainbow trout.

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative physiology
  • Fish biology
  • Nutritional science

Background:

  • Predatory fish consume prey with mineralized components like shell and bone.
  • These components contain buffering minerals (calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate) that resist pH changes.
  • Dietary buffering may impact fish gastrointestinal physiology, digestion, and metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of dietary buffering on digestion energetics, gastric pH, and blood alkalosis in rainbow trout.
  • To determine if dietary buffering influences growth efficiency in juvenile fish.
  • To understand the physiological consequences of consuming mineralized prey components.

Main Methods:

  • Juvenile rainbow trout were fed isocaloric diets supplemented with calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, or calcium chloride (control).
  • Measurements included stomach chyme pH, postprandial blood bicarbonate (HCO3-), net base excretion, specific dynamic action (SDA), and growth efficiency.
  • Experiments were conducted over a 21-day period.

Main Results:

  • Increased dietary buffering correlated with higher stomach chyme pH and postprandial blood HCO3-.
  • Higher buffering also led to increased net base excretion, total SDA, and peak SDA.
  • Dietary buffering did not significantly affect growth efficiency in the juvenile rainbow trout.

Conclusions:

  • Non-nutritional components of prey, like buffering minerals, can significantly influence the energetic cost of digestion in fish.
  • While buffering affects physiological and energetic costs, reductions in specific dynamic action (SDA) do not automatically translate to improved growth efficiency.
  • Findings have implications for fish gastrointestinal physiology, prey selection, aquaculture feed formulation, and climate change impacts.