Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.8K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
44.8K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

5.9K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
5.9K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

4.3K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
4.3K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

742
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
742
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

470
The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
470
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

556
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
556

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Subicular Plateaus Signal Reward Locations during Goal-Directed Behavior.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity: properties, elements and functions.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Learning-dependent feedback by OLM interneurons shapes CA1 representations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Formation of an expanding memory representation in the hippocampus.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same author

An unsuspected physiological role for mGluRIII glutamate receptors in hippocampal area CA1.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Mechanisms of experience-dependent place-cell referencing in hippocampal area CA1.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same journal

Inside the new political screening that's stalling NIH grants.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Europe's record heatwave: does the continent have a new climate?

Nature·2026
Same journal

Daily briefing: Humans and great apes giggle in the same rhythms.

Nature·2026
Same journal

The surprising career parallels between footballers and researchers.

Nature·2026
Same journal

I study World Cup penalty shoot-outs: they say a lot about the psychology of performance under pressure.

Nature·2026
Same journal

CRISPR's next act: the companies editing the epigenome to treat disease.

Nature·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
14:27

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

Published on: August 11, 2019

12.7K

Entorhinal cortex directs learning-related changes in CA1 representations.

Christine Grienberger1,2, Jeffrey C Magee3

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Nature
|November 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study reveals how the brain learns locations by enhancing hippocampal activity. This process relies on synaptic plasticity driven by signals from the entorhinal cortex layer 3, crucial for adaptive behaviors.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Parasagittal Slices for the Investigation of Dorsal-ventral Organization of the Rodent Medial Entorhinal Cortex
09:45

Preparation of Parasagittal Slices for the Investigation of Dorsal-ventral Organization of the Rodent Medial Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: March 28, 2012

15.7K
Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

15.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
14:27

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

Published on: August 11, 2019

12.7K
Preparation of Parasagittal Slices for the Investigation of Dorsal-ventral Organization of the Rodent Medial Entorhinal Cortex
09:45

Preparation of Parasagittal Slices for the Investigation of Dorsal-ventral Organization of the Rodent Medial Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: March 28, 2012

15.7K
Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

15.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity
  • Learning and Memory

Background:

  • Adaptive behaviors are driven by learning-related changes in brain activity.
  • Hippocampal over-representation of reward locations is essential for learning in rodents.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying these hippocampal changes remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how learning-related changes, specifically the over-representation of reward locations, occur in the hippocampus.
  • To identify the neural circuits and plasticity mechanisms involved in this learning process.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded hippocampal CA1 population activity in mice learning a reward location on a linear treadmill.
  • Utilized physiological and pharmacological evidence to assess the role of behavioural timescale synaptic plasticity (BTSP).
  • Employed optogenetic inhibition of entorhinal cortex layer 3 (EC3) to investigate its role in directing plasticity.

Main Results:

  • The adaptive hippocampal over-representation was found to require BTSP.
  • Inhibition of EC3 activity significantly reduced the CA1 over-representation.
  • EC3 neurons exhibited an activity pattern that could instruct BTSP, with heightened activity at reward-predictive cues.

Conclusions:

  • Hippocampal learning-related changes are mediated by synaptic plasticity directed by instructive signals from EC3.
  • The EC3 appears to be specifically tuned to behaviorally relevant environmental features, like reward cues.
  • This study elucidates a novel mechanism for how the brain encodes and learns environmental information.