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MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: Sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology
Dongjie Xu1, Kaili Di2, Boyue Fan3
1College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|November 3, 2022
Summary
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry microRNAs (miRNAs) and show promise as sensitive biomarkers for liquid biopsy. This review covers EV sorting, detection technologies, and their clinical diagnostic potential.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs crucial in cellular communication.
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key carriers of miRNAs, protecting them during intercellular transfer.
- EV-derived miRNAs offer higher sensitivity and specificity than traditional serum biomarkers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in EV sorting mechanisms and miRNA detection technologies.
- To explore the diagnostic value of EV-derived miRNAs for liquid biopsy applications.
- To identify challenges and future research directions in the field of EV-based diagnostics.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on EV isolation and miRNA detection techniques.
- Analysis of studies on EV sorting mechanisms and their role in miRNA transport.
- Evaluation of the diagnostic potential of EV-derived miRNAs in various diseases.
Main Results:
- EVs protect and sort miRNAs, facilitating intercellular communication.
- EV-derived miRNA detection demonstrates superior sensitivity and specificity.
- EVs are emerging as promising biomarkers for liquid biopsy and point-of-care testing (POCT).
Conclusions:
- EV-derived miRNAs hold significant potential for clinical diagnosis.
- Further research into EV isolation and detection technologies is warranted.
- EVs may pave the way for advanced POCT platforms for disease monitoring.
