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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Immunotherapy approaches for hematological cancers.

Olivia L Lanier1,2, Edgar Pérez-Herrero3,4,5, Abielle P D ' Andrea6,2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.

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|November 3, 2022
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Immunotherapies offer new hope for hematological cancers like leukemia and lymphoma, achieving remissions beyond traditional treatments. This review details five key immunotherapies and their impact on blood cancers.

Keywords:
Biological sciencesCancerHealth sciencesImmunologyOncology

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hematological cancers (leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma) traditionally treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
  • Emergence of immunotherapies has significantly improved patient remission rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Critically review characteristics, symptoms, and current treatments for hematological cancers.
  • Discuss the application and efficacy of five common immunotherapies in treating blood cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hematological cancer treatments.
  • Critical analysis of five immunotherapy types: checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, cell-based therapies, antibodies, and oncolytic viruses.

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapies demonstrate significant potential in achieving patient remissions.
  • Each of the five discussed immunotherapies shows promise in specific hematological cancer contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy represents a paradigm shift in treating hematological malignancies.
  • Further research and application of these novel therapies are crucial for improving patient outcomes.