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Updated: Aug 23, 2025
Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
Published on: June 28, 2018
Temporal trends in postoperative and ventilator-associated pneumonia in the United States
Mark L Metersky1, Yun Wang2,3,4, Michael Klompas5,6
1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine and Sleep Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut.
Objective:
To determine change in rates of postoperative pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia among patients hospitalized in the United States during 2009-2019.
Design:
Retrospective cohort study.
Patients:
Patients hospitalized for major surgical procedures, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia.
Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of data from the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System, a chart-abstraction-derived database including 21 adverse-event measures among patients hospitalized in the United States. Changes in observed and risk-adjusted rates of postoperative pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia were derived.
Results:
Among 58,618 patients undergoing major surgical procedures between 2009 and 2019, the observed rate of postoperative pneumonia from 2009-2011 was 1.9% and decreased to 1.3% during 2017-2019. The adjusted annual risk each year, compared to the prior year, was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92-0.96). Among 4,007 patients hospitalized for any of these 4 conditions at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia during 2009-2019, we did not detect a significant change in observed or adjusted rates. Observed rates clustered around 10%, and adjusted annual risk compared to the prior year was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.95-1.02).
Conclusions:
During 2009-2019, the rate of postoperative pneumonia decreased statistically and clinically significantly in among patients hospitalized for major surgical procedures in the United States, but rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia among patients hospitalized for major surgical procedures, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia did not change.
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