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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences
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A straightforward graphical/statistical approach to help substantiate cheating on multiple-choice examinations.

David C Poole1,2, Steven W Copp1, Timothy I Musch1,2

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.

Advances in Physiology Education
|November 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Academic dishonesty, particularly cheating on multiple-choice exams, was statistically confirmed between two students using error-similarity analysis. This objective method demonstrated a high probability (P < 0.00001) of an Honor Code violation, supporting academic integrity measures.

Keywords:
Honor Code violationscheatinggraphical demonstrationmultiple-choice exams

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Academic Integrity
  • Statistical Analysis in Education

Background:

  • Academic dishonesty is a significant issue in large university classes, especially during in-class examinations.
  • Close seating arrangements in large exams can facilitate cheating.
  • Proctor observations of suspicious behavior prompted an investigation into a potential Honor Code violation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an objective, statistical method for detecting cheating on multiple-choice exams.
  • To maintain exam and academic integrity in a transparent manner for students and university bodies.
  • To statistically validate suspected Honor Code violations observed during an examination.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized established error-similarity analysis for multiple-choice exams.
  • Calculated the probability of identical incorrect answers occurring by chance between two students.
  • Compared the observed number of identical incorrect answers against expected chance occurrences (P < 0.00001).

Main Results:

  • The number of identical incorrect answers between the two students was significantly higher than expected by chance.
  • Graphical analysis of incorrect answers across 65 students (89 comparisons) supported an Honor Code violation.
  • The statistical approach provided compelling evidence of cheating beyond a reasonable doubt.

Conclusions:

  • The error-similarity analysis effectively confirmed cheating between the two students.
  • This statistical method offers a transparent and objective approach to upholding academic integrity.
  • Further investigation is needed to determine if the violation was unidirectional or bidirectional.