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Mining dams disasters as systemic risks.

Carlos Machado de Freitas1, Mariano Andrade da Silva2, Fernanda Carvalho de Menezes2

  • 1Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, National School of Public Health, Center for Studies and Research in Emergencies and Disasters in Health - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.

Revista Brasileira De Epidemiologia = Brazilian Journal of Epidemiology
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • Risk Management

Background:

  • Brazil experienced two catastrophic mining dam failures between 2015 and 2019.
  • These events highlight the complex interplay of global and national factors contributing to mining risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze mining dam disasters as systemic risks.
  • To understand the broad spectrum of impacts, including immediate, secondary, and tertiary effects.

Main Methods:

  • Systemic risk analysis framework.
  • Examination of social determinants and structural factors influencing disaster occurrence.

Main Results:

  • Disasters are complex events with cascading consequences.
  • Global and national processes, social determinants, and economic factors contribute to recurring disaster patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Mining disasters are systemic risks requiring a holistic approach.
  • Population health and sustainable territories must guide production, not externalize costs.