Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

9.6K

The main battlefield of mRNA vaccine - Tumor immune microenvironment

Xiaolong Li1, Shijie Ma1, Ting Gao2

  • 1Departmert of Pharmaceutics, School of Phammacy:Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.

International Immunopharmacology
|November 3, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines show promise for cancer immunotherapy but face challenges. This study explores how modifying the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) can enhance mRNA vaccine efficacy against tumors.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Tumor growth and metastasis pose significant threats to human health.
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are a growing area of cancer immunotherapy.
  • Current mRNA vaccine efficacy can be limited by the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how mRNA vaccines can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.
  • To summarize the impact of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) on mRNA vaccine effectiveness.
  • To explore strategies for improving mRNA vaccine-mediated anti-tumor effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on mRNA vaccines and tumor immune microenvironment.
  • Analysis of immunosuppressive cells, cytokines, and metabolic pathways in TIME.
  • Examination of mRNA vaccine strategies involving adjuvants and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Main Results:

  • Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) characterized by immunosuppressive cells and increased glycolysis hinders anti-tumor immunity.
  • Successful mRNA vaccine delivery and lysosomal escape are critical for therapeutic outcomes.
  • Combining mRNA vaccines with adjuvants or ICIs can modulate TIME, favoring anti-tumor immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is crucial for enhancing mRNA vaccine efficacy.
  • Understanding the interplay between TIME and mRNA vaccines provides a foundation for future cancer treatment strategies.
  • Targeting TIME can improve the anti-tumor effects of mRNA vaccines.
Keywords:
AdjuvantMetastasisTIMETumormRNA vaccine

More Related Videos

In Vitro Assay to Study Tumor-macrophage Interaction08:36

In Vitro Assay to Study Tumor-macrophage Interaction

Published on: August 1, 2019

7.6K
Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine09:15

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

3.5K

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
639
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
6.7K
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
5.3K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
488
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.1K