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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

2.6K
The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Measuring the 50% Haemolytic Complement CH50 Activity of Serum
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Pitfalls in complement analysis: A systematic literature review of assessing complement activation.

Ricardo J M G E Brandwijk1, Marloes A H M Michels2, Mara van Rossum1

  • 1R&amp;D Department, Hycult Biotechnology b.v., Uden, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Immunology
|November 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Accurate complement analysis is crucial for disease monitoring, but many studies fail to use proper sample handling and assay techniques. Standardized guidelines are needed to ensure reliable complement biomarker measurements.

Keywords:
complement activationcomplement diagnosticscomplement systemimmunoassaysstandardization of measurementssystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • The complement system is a key part of innate immunity and involved in numerous diseases.
  • Accurate assessment of complement activation is vital for disease monitoring and treatment evaluation.
  • Standardized sampling and assay procedures for complement analysis are challenging to implement.

Conclusions:

  • A significant portion of studies deviate from standardized procedures for complement analysis.
  • Improper sample handling and techniques can lead to misinterpretation of complement biomarker levels.
  • There is a critical need for general guidelines to ensure accurate and standardized complement analysis.