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Evolutionary double suicide in symbiotic systems.

Yu Uchiumi1,2, Masato Sato1,3, Akira Sasaki4,5

  • 1Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan.

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Summary

Mutualisms face coextinction risks due to partner loss. Evolutionary responses can trigger "evolutionary double suicide," making mutualisms more fragile than parasitism and rarely leading to non-symbiotic states.

Keywords:
adaptive dynamicscoevolutionevolutionary suicideextinctionmutualismparasitismsymbiosis

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Ecology
  • Theoretical biology

Background:

  • Mutualisms, symbiotic relationships benefiting both species, are vulnerable to coextinction cascades where the loss of one partner drives the other to extinction.
  • While the consequences of partner loss are recognized, the evolutionary mechanisms triggering extinction in mutualisms remain underexplored.

Discussion:

  • This study theoretically examines the coevolution of host exploitation and dependence in mutualisms to understand extinction triggers.
  • The model investigates whether evolutionary adaptation to partner loss can prevent collateral extinctions within symbiotic partnerships.

Key Insights:

  • Mutualisms exhibit higher vulnerability to coextinction via adaptive evolution, termed "evolutionary double suicide," compared to parasitic relationships.
  • The evolutionary pressure from partner loss seldom drives a reversion to a non-symbiotic, autonomous state in the studied mutualistic systems.

Outlook:

  • These findings offer a novel perspective on the inherent evolutionary fragility of mutualistic interactions.
  • The research highlights the rarity of evolutionary transitions from mutualism to parasitism, challenging previous assumptions.