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Fatma Ali Tarish Mohsen1, Finn Friis Lauszus2, Marlene Briciet Lauritsen3

  • 1Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet, Københavns Universitet.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|November 4, 2022
PubMed
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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases a child's risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Early GDM diagnosis in mothers further elevates this risk, highlighting the importance of timely intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant complication of pregnancy.
  • GDM is linked to various adverse child outcomes, but specific associations with developmental disorders require clarification.
  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with increasing prevalence.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current research on the association between maternal GDM and the risk of ASD in offspring.
  • Focuses on findings from large-scale cohort studies.
  • Summarizes the latest evidence regarding the timing of GDM diagnosis and its impact on ASD risk.

Key Points:

  • Large cohort studies demonstrate a statistically significant association between GDM and an increased risk of ASD in children.

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  • The risk of developing ASD appears to be dose-dependent on GDM, with earlier maternal diagnosis correlating with higher risk.
  • This suggests a potential biological or environmental pathway linking GDM during pregnancy to neurodevelopmental trajectories.

    • Conclusions:

    • Maternal GDM is a confirmed risk factor for ASD in children.
    • The timing of GDM diagnosis during pregnancy is a critical factor influencing the magnitude of ASD risk.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and inform preventative strategies.