Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

422
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
422
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

2.6K
Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
2.6K
Breathing01:05

Breathing

60.1K
The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
60.1K
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

388
Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
388
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

1.7K
In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
1.7K
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection01:27

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

382
Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration...
382

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Impact of Small-for-Gestational-Age on Pulmonary Function in Infancy, a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Pediatric pulmonology·2026
Same author

Management and Long-Term Outcomes of Persistent Tachypnea of Infancy/Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia of Infancy: A European Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Chest·2026
Same author

Biallelic LAMP3 variants in 5 families with interstitial lung disease: Evidence of a disease-gene association.

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics·2026
Same author

Recurrent Drug-induced Rhabdomyolysis in a 76-year-old Patient With Cystic Fibrosis: Drug-Drug Interactions in Older Patients With Cystic Fibrosis.

Clinical therapeutics·2025
Same author

Long-term outcomes in people with CF lacking FEV<sub>1</sub> response to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy.

Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society·2025
Same author

Nasal potential difference in young children is feasible - Report from a national referral center.

Respiratory medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies
08:44

Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies

Published on: February 2, 2024

800

Infant pulmonary function tests in individuals with Down syndrome.

Oded Breuer1, Laurice Boursheh1, Ephraim Bar-Yishay2

  • 1Pediatric Pulmonology and CF Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Respiratory Medicine
|November 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Infants with Down syndrome exhibit fixed airflow obstruction, not restrictive lung disease, with decreased expiratory flows and altered breathing mechanics. This early-life lung disease requires further study for improved respiratory management in Down syndrome.

Keywords:
Bronchodilator responsivenessDown syndromeIncreased lung volumesInfant pulmonary function testsRestrictive lung diseaseSmall airway obstruction and obstructive lung disease

More Related Videos

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity
07:13

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity

Published on: January 6, 2015

10.7K
Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
07:10

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: August 24, 2019

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies
08:44

Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies

Published on: February 2, 2024

800
Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity
07:13

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity

Published on: January 6, 2015

10.7K
Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
07:10

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: August 24, 2019

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Genetics and Respiratory Health
  • Infant Lung Function

Background:

  • Down syndrome is linked to significant respiratory issues.
  • Previous studies indicated restrictive lung disease in older individuals with Down syndrome.
  • Infant pulmonary function tests (iPFTs) in Down syndrome are not well-characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate infant pulmonary function tests (iPFTs) in infants with Down syndrome.
  • To characterize early-life lung disease phenotypes in infants with Down syndrome.
  • To compare iPFTs in infants with Down syndrome to a healthy control group.

Main Methods:

  • Observational case-control study using registry data (2008-2018).
  • Compared iPFTs from 20 infants with Down syndrome to 46 healthy controls.
  • Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests.

Main Results:

  • Infants with Down syndrome demonstrated an obstructive lung disease phenotype.
  • Key findings include mildly increased lung volumes and significantly decreased expiratory flows.
  • Airflow limitation was prominent at low lung volumes (V˙max FRC: 48% predicted vs. 100% in controls, p < 0.001).
  • Reduced respiratory system compliance and increased airway resistance were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Infants with Down syndrome present with a fixed airflow obstruction phenotype.
  • This study provides crucial data on early-onset lung disease in Down syndrome.
  • Further research is needed to optimize respiratory disease management in this population.