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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
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Type 2 diabetes.

Ehtasham Ahmad1, Soo Lim2, Roberta Lamptey3

  • 1Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|November 4, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 2 diabetes is a growing global epidemic, particularly affecting younger individuals. Early detection and novel therapies, including precision medicine, are vital for managing complications and improving patient outcomes despite existing barriers.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes affects over 537 million people globally, representing 90% of all diabetes cases.
  • There is a concerning rise in type 2 diabetes prevalence among children and young adults.
  • Effective management is critical to prevent severe microvascular and macrovascular complications and reduce mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a clinically focused review of recent advancements in type 2 diabetes care.
  • To discuss current controversies and future directions in managing type 2 diabetes.
  • To highlight the potential of precision medicine and technology in addressing the epidemic.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical developments in type 2 diabetes management.
  • Analysis of emerging trends including precision medicine (multiomics, pharmacogenomics).
  • Discussion of technological impacts on patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Novel therapies offer benefits beyond glycaemic control, improving person-centered outcomes.
  • Precision medicine approaches show promise for understanding disease heterogeneity and developing targeted treatments.
  • Technology's potential to improve outcomes requires further realization.

Conclusions:

  • Despite progress, significant barriers impede efforts to control the type 2 diabetes epidemic.
  • Integrated approaches combining novel therapies, precision medicine, and technology are essential.
  • Continued research and clinical focus are needed to address the global burden of type 2 diabetes.